Cyclohexane is an organic compound with a chemical formula C6H12. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, insoluble in water, and soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, benzene, and acetone. Cyclohexyl fragments are a common structure in both natural and synthetic drugs. It can be used as both core structure and part of achiral side chain.
Dioxolane is a heterocyclic acetal with the formula (CH2)2O2CH2. It is related to tetrahydrofuran by exchanging an oxygen for the CH2 group. The isomer 1,2-dioxolane (in which the two oxygen centers are adjacent) is a peroxide. 1,3-Dioxolane is used as solvent and comonomer in polyacetal. The dioxolane-type and their hydrogenolysis can provide very valuable partially protected building blocks either for oligosaccharide syntheses or sugar transformations.
The two N atoms in Benzothiadiazole could possibly form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to a more planar backbone. Benzothiadiazole is a strong electron-accepting molecular fragment. By fusing it with thiazole donor-acceptor dyes, near-infrared fluorescence was created. The benzothiadiazole ring is a useful n-type building block for designing electron-transport materials for organic and polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Arene- and heteroarene-fused thiadiazoles have also found use in the design of low-band-gap materials for the construction of organic field-effect transmitters (OFETs), as stable organic radicals, and as one or two photon-absorbing materials for the design of nonlinear near-infrared (NIR) dyes. Benzothiadiazoles acting as the electron-accepting cores have been incorporated into dendrimer-type light-harvesting materials.