Thiophene is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing a sulfur heteroatom with the molecular formula C4H4S. Thiophene is aromatic and is very similar to benzene; electrophilic substitution reaction is easier than benzene, and it is mainly substituted at the 2-position. Thiophene ring system has certain stability to oxidant.
Piperazine is an organic compound consisting of a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms in opposite positions in the ring. The chemical formula of piperazine is C4H10N2, and it is an important pharmaceutical intermediate. Pyrimidines and piperazines are known to be the backbone of many bulk compounds and important core structures for approved drugs; studies have shown that combining a pyridine ring with a piperazine moiety within a single structural framework enhances biological activity.
The two N atoms in Benzothiadiazole could possibly form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to a more planar backbone. Benzothiadiazole is a strong electron-accepting molecular fragment. By fusing it with thiazole donor-acceptor dyes, near-infrared fluorescence was created. The benzothiadiazole ring is a useful n-type building block for designing electron-transport materials for organic and polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Arene- and heteroarene-fused thiadiazoles have also found use in the design of low-band-gap materials for the construction of organic field-effect transmitters (OFETs), as stable organic radicals, and as one or two photon-absorbing materials for the design of nonlinear near-infrared (NIR) dyes. Benzothiadiazoles acting as the electron-accepting cores have been incorporated into dendrimer-type light-harvesting materials.
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