Pyrimidine, also known as 1,3-diazobenzene, is a heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2. Pyrimidine is formed by substituting 2 nitrogen atoms for 2 carbons in the meta-position of benzene. It is a diazine and retains its aromaticity. Derivatives of pyrimidine widely exist in organic macromolecular nucleic acids, and many drugs also contain pyrimidine rings. In nucleic acids, three nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine, thymine and uracil. There are a variety of pyrimidine-containing drugs on the market, most of which are kinase inhibitors.
Carbazoles are an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles with a planar tricyclic skeleton consisting of two benzene rings fused on both sides of the central pyrrole ring, with a large aromatic system and a central nitrogen atom, showing broad of electron delocalization. The structure of this compound is based on the indole structure, but in which a second benzene ring is fused to a five-membered ring at positions 2-3 of the indole. Carbazole structural motifs are widely found in, but not limited to, a large number of natural alkaloids of plant or bacterial origin. Since many of these alkaloids are medically useful, exhibit a fairly wide range of biological activities (anticancer, anti-HIV, antibacterial, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anticoagulant, analgesic, antiepileptic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, etc.). Medicinal chemistry also uses carbazole motifs in synthetic drugs to combat hypertension, heart disease, and hepatitis C virus replication.
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