A spiro compound is a polycyclic compound in which two monocyclic rings share one carbon atom; the shared carbon atom is called a spiro atom. Spiro compounds have rigid structures, stable structures, and have special properties that general organic compounds do not possess, such as anomeric effect, spiro conjugation and spiro hyperconjugation. Compared with the monocyclic structure or the planar aromatic structure, the spiro structure has a larger three-dimensional structure; the heterocyclic spiro structure is also regarded as the biological isostere of some groups, which can change the drug to a certain extent. The water solubility, lipophilicity, dominant conformation and ADMET properties of the molecule make the optimized lead molecule easier to drug. Therefore, spiro compounds occupy a very important position in drug development.
Spiro And Bicyclic Compound
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The molecular structure of cyclobutane has four carbon atoms, and its four carbon atoms are not in the same plane, which is the folded conformation of cyclobutane. Cyclobutane itself is not of commercial or biological interest, but more complex derivatives are important in biology and biotechnology. Currently, nine FDA-approved drugs contain the cyclobutane structure. From the perspective of therapeutic areas, cyclobutyl drugs are mainly distributed in popular areas such as tumors, neurological diseases, infectious diseases, endocrine and metabolic diseases.
Oxazolidines are five-membered ring compounds consisting of three carbons, nitrogen and oxygen. Oxygen and nitrogen are in the 1 and 3 positions, respectively. Oxazolidine is in general yellow or slightly yellow, alkaline liquid or solid, easily hydrolyzed by water or alcohol. It is insoluble in water (or hydrolyzed); soluble in benzene and chloroform. Oxazolidine derivatives are five-membered cyclic compounds containing at least one oxygen and nitrogen in their molecular structure. Oxazolidine derivatives are known to possess various therapeutic activities, such as anticancer and antibiotic properties.
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