Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table, and the fluorine atom has a small atomic radius, so fluorine-containing organic compounds have many wonderful properties. For example, the introduction of fluorine atoms or fluorine-containing groups into drug molecules can improve the permeability to cell membranes, metabolic stability and bioavailability; in addition, the introduction of fluorine atoms will improve the lipid solubility of the compound and promote its absorption in the body. The speed of delivery changes the physiological effect. In the field of medicinal chemistry, the introduction of fluorine atoms into organic molecules is an important direction for the development of new anticancer drugs, antitumor drugs, antiviral agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and central nervous system drugs.
Benzene is an important organic compound with the chemical formula C6H6, and its molecule consists of a ring of 6 carbon atoms, each with 1 hydrogen atom. Benzene is a sweet, flammable, colorless and transparent liquid with carcinogenic toxicity at room temperature, and has a strong aromatic odor. It is insoluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents, and can also be used as an organic solvent itself. The ring system of benzene is called benzene ring, and the structure after removing one hydrogen atom from the benzene ring is called phenyl. Benzene is one of the most important basic organic chemical raw materials. Many important chemical intermediates can be derived from benzene through substitution reaction, addition reaction and benzene ring cleavage reaction.
Obesity is linked to overactivity of the endocannabinoid system that regulates appetite, fat storage, and insulin resistance. Cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, and are found in the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacological blockers of CB1 receptors have demonstrated effectiveness in suppressing appetite, inducing weight loss, enhancing energy expenditure and speeding up metabolism.
Novo Nordisk’s Monlunabant is a novel peripherally-acting CB1 receptor blocker. This target limits brain penetration and minimizes psychiatric side-effects. Monlunabant is developed for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The phase 2 trials for diabetic kidney disease and obesity is expected in the second half of 2024.
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